OUTPUTS

All project results produced by 4i-TRACTION researchers are published in various forms and ways on this website: policy briefs, reports, academic publications, blog entries, podcasts, and infographics.

Stakeholder participation in infrastructure projects

This case study explores the theme of participation as a function of procedural governance in energy infrastructure projects.

Assessing procedural climate governance in the European Union

This report assesses the transformative nature of procedural governance mechanisms with different functions such as planning, participation and expert advice, using a previously developed assessmen

Lessons for procedural climate governance in the European Union

Based on cross-cutting insights from 8 case studies this policy brief explores the EU's procedural governance in the climate transition, highlighting challenges and offering policy recommendations

Podcast series: Episode #5- Integrating for Impact: Coordination and Cohesion in EU Climate Policy

“CLIMATE ON AIR” – Discussing the future of EU climate policy

The EU's 2040 Emissions Reduction Target

This infographic provides an evaluation of the EU Commission's recommendation for the 2040 emissions reduction target, set against the backdrop of the 4i-TRACTION modelling of 1.5°C compatible path

Fostering transformative climate governance? The potential of multilevel climate and energy dialogues

This case presents a criteria-based assessment of Member States’ reports under Article 11 of the Governance Regulation.

Podcast series: Episode #4 - Regulatory Leverage: How Can the EU Foster a Green Investment Shift?

“CLIMATE ON AIR” – Discussing the future of EU climate policy

The European Climate Law: Strengthening EU Procedural Climate Governance?

This 4i-TRACTION research-based academic publication critically evaluates the European Climate Law's role in enhancing procedural climate governance within the European Union.

In Search of Transformative Ambition: EU Climate Policies in 2005-2020

This policy brief synthesizes our analysis of the European Union's climate policies during the 2005-2020 period.

Synthesis Report on the Ex-Post Assessment of the EU Climate Policies

This report synthesises an ex-post assessment of the climate policy of the European Union in the period of 2005-2020.

Inventory of key EU Governance Frameworks

The EU Procedural Governance Inventory is a list of the most important frameworks, institutions, and instruments that are relevant to procedural climate governance in the EU.

Progress on the implementation of national Multilevel Climate and Energy Dialogues: Assessing Member States’ own reporting

A preliminary assessment of the implementation of Article 11 of the EU’s Governance Regulation

Report: EU innovation funding for climate neutrality

In this report, we examine four interconnected research questions related to innovation policy for climate change in the EU.

Podcast series: Episode #3 - The EU’s Climate Neutrality Challenge: Can Infrastructure be the Game Changer?

“CLIMATE ON AIR” – Discussing the future of EU climate policy

Transformative procedural climate governance: Mechanisms, functions, and assessment criteria

This report focuses on the EU’s procedural climate governance, namely the frameworks, instruments and institutions that shape and support the climate-related decision-making process of the EU.

The global impact of EU climate action

How will EU’s climate action impact other countries and overall level of climate ambition?

Report: Implementing prudential transition plans for banks - What are the expected impacts?

This case study examines the EU's debate on prudential transition plans, exploring how they might redefine financial strategies in response to climate imperatives.

Report: Public Procurement for Climate Neutrality - a transformative policy instrument?

This case study investigates how public procurement can be used as a strategic policy instrument to accelerate the transformation to climate neutrality.

Railway development: lessons for the EU

This paper analyses how EU railway policy for a low-carbon future can be enhanced, drawing insights from Japan and Switzerland.

Ramping up energy storage: lessons for the EU

This paper explores how the EU can enhance its policy for a low-carbon future by learning from successful energy storage approaches in California, South Korea, and Australia.

Podcast series: Episode #2 - What is the role of innovation in making the EU climate neutral?

“CLIMATE ON AIR” – Discussing the future of EU climate policy

Report: Integrated Infrastructure Planning

This case study investigates the policy instrument of Integrated Infrastructure Planning, with a focus on transnational energy infrastructure.

Report on the Quantitative Assessment of Climate Policies

This study presents a quantitative assessment of EU climate policy over the 2005-2020 period.

Report on the Qualitative Assessment of Climate Policies

This report presents the results of a qualitative ex-post evaluation of the EU's climate policy for the 2005-2020 period.

EU’s role in the world: how can EU climate diplomacy stimulate greater ambition?

This paper considers whether the EU is exhibiting sufficient climate leadership through its global narrative and climate ambition and explores ways for the EU to stimulate greater global ambition.

How the Net-Zero Transformation Affects Fossil Fuel Exporters - Security Implications and Policy Options for the EU

This paper focuses on the security implications for the EU arising from the devaluation of fossil resources in third countries due to climate policy-induced changes.

Global maritime carbon footprint: EU policy diffusion

This paper explores the concept of policy diffusion and examines how the EU's climate action can influence policy decisions in the international maritime sector and other countries.

Critical and strategic materials: potential bottlenecks and the EU perspective

This discussion paper introduces an approach to assess the risk of material bottlenecks in the energy transition, focusing on four materials essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries.

CBAM: trade implications and opportunities of EU climate neutrality goals

This paper discusses trade-related issues of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and explores its technical aspects, impact on third countries, and relation to the Paris Agreement.

Related Research: Policy Consistency - What it means, how to measure it, and links with other processes

Ecologic Institute published a policy brief on policy consistency, shedding light on the EU Climate Law.

Podcast series: Episode #1 - What is transformative EU climate policy?

“CLIMATE ON AIR” – Discussing the future of EU climate policy

Report on National Case Studies

This report is the final report on seven national case studies performed in the 4i-TRACTION project.

Evaluation of the Impact of the EU ETS Revenues and Derogation Under Article 10c on Investment and Infrastructure in Poland

The case study evaluate Poland's usage of the financial mechanisms to assist the EU's energy transition.

The Rollout of Public Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in the Netherlands – Innovation and Infrastructure

This case study analyses the role of the Dutch central government in the rapid rollout of the public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in the Netherlands.

Germany’s Delayed Electricity Smart Meter Rollout and its Implications on Innovation, Infrastructure, Integration, and Social Acceptance

This case study evaluates the rollout of smart meters in Germany in the context of the digitalisation of the EU energy system.

Climate Stress Tests: What Co-Benefits can we Expect for Transition Financing?

This case study identify analyses possible co-benefits that climate stress tests may have on transition financing, as well as their limits in this regard.

Voluntary Energy Efficiency Agreements in Finland

This case study sheds light on voluntary energy efficiency agreements in Finland and how they were successful in delivering energy savings.

Belgian Offshore Wind: Innovation and Investments

This case study looks at the development of offshore wind in Belgium over the 2009-2020 period.

The Role of Energy and Environmental Taxes in Spain

This case study focuses on the implementation of energy and environmental taxes in Spain and its role in climate change mitigation in the 2005-2020 period.

The 4i-TRACTION podcast: CLIMATE ON AIR – Discussing the future of EU climate policy

What does EU climate policy need to look like to achieve the transformation to a net zero emissions economy by 2050?

EI_DiscussionPaper_2023_EU climate policy

Related Research: Can Current EU Climate Policy Reliably Achieve Climate Neutrality by 2050?

Ecologic Institute published a discussion paper assessing current EU climate policy against the goal of reaching climate neutrality by 2050.

Related Research: Towards an EU Climate Governance Framework to Deliver on the European Green Deal

VUB authored a policy options paper shedding light on the EU Climate Governance Framework. This paper is not part of the 4i-TRACTION project but is related to the topics of our research.

Policy Avenues Towards a Climate-Neutral Europe

What could different policy avenues toward climate neutrality in the EU look like? Which strategies and instruments could EU policymakers choose from?